Famine, Affluence, and Morality Essay

In Peter Singer’s 1972 article named â€Å"Famine, Affluence and Morality†, he recommends that well off countries have a moral obligation to contribute considerably more than they do to different countries who are enduring a cataclysmic event, extraordinary destitution, starvation or different issues. In this paper, I will portray Singers goal and give his contention with respect to this issue. I will portray three counter-contentions to Singer’s see which he addresses, and after that uncover Singer’s responses to those counterarguments. I will clarify Singer’s thought of minor utility and furthermore separate how it relates to his contention. I will look at how the thoughts of obligation and good cause change in his proposed world. To finish up, I will give my own situation in light of Singer’s contention. The essential target of Singer’s article is to communicate that we as individuals have the ability to help those in critical need as it is our ethical obligation to do as such. He utilizes the calamity in East Bengal for instance. â€Å"Continuous neediness, a tornado, and a common war have transformed at least 9 million individuals into relinquished displaced people; in any case, it’s not past the capacity of the wealthier nations to give adequate assistance to diminish further enduring to little extents (Singer 1972). He feels that there’s no explanation at all for people to endure if others can help and keep it from occurring or deteriorating. It’s our ethical obligation to alter our method of living in order to accomplish this significant target. They are packed, ravenous, got dried out and need clinical consideration. Artist accepts that we have the assets to diminish the torment and torment yet we dismiss the issue and do nothing by any stretch of the imagination, which can be shameless. We ought to change our assessments of profound quality in order to build up a commitment to helping individuals in critical need. Vocalist gives counter-contentions in his work which I will discuss here. He offers his perusers a situation which includes a suffocating child and an observer. A great many people would attempt to spare the child since it’s the â€Å"right† move to make. Artist recommends that this obligation occurs since loads of individuals realize that a suffocating child is viewed as terrible and exceeds the reality they you need to get your garments sloppy and wet. The counter-contention in this circumstance recommends that since I am not by any means the only individual seeing this occasion, for what reason is it my obligation to accomplish something positive about it? For what reason must it be my moral obligation to help this child on the off chance that no one else is doing anything with respect to it? Artist clarifies, â€Å"In case it’s in our capacity to abstain from something awful from happening, without along these lines bargaining anything of tantamount good centrality, we should, ethically, to do it (1972). † He feels that we can do what’s right anyway we ought to choose to do what’s right in any event, when every other person chooses not to. Vocalist likewise addresses whether our ethical duties must be limited to remove. The counter-contention in this occasion suggests that on the grounds that these enduring individuals are so distant, for what reason is it my ethical obligation to help them as opposed to utilizing it in my own territory? As per Singer, â€Å"It has no moral effect whether the individual I can help is a neighbor’s kid 10 yards from me or a Bengali whose name I will never know, 10,000 miles away (pg. 232). † It’s still our ethical commitment to do what’s right. Is it ethically suitable to oppress an enduring individual only because of their separation? Artist proposes, â€Å"In case we acknowledge any standard of fair-mindedness, universalizability, equity, or whatever, we can’t oppress someone since he is far away from us (or we are far away from him) (pg. 232)†. A person’s separation must not limit our ethical obligations. Artist accepts that everyone must give when it’s required. Numerous individuals are not contributing, so what amount must I give without making myself or my friends and family more awful off? The counter-contention here is whether to give more than can cause money related stuggle. He talks about the likelihood of adding to the point of minimal utility. As Singer states â€Å"Because the circumstance is by all accounts that relatively few individuals are probably going to give impressive entireties, it bodes well that I and every other person in comparable conditions must give however much as could be expected, that is, in any event up to the level at which by giving increasingly one would begin to cause intense languishing over oneself and one’s wards maybe even past this level to the phase of peripheral utility, at which by giving progressively one would cause oneself and one’s friends and family the same amount of enduring as one would forestall in Bengal† (pg. 234). To finish up, we as a whole should give however much as could reasonably be expected insofar as it doesn’t cause us to endure all the while. Vocalist suggests that obligation and good cause is our moral obligation. We â€Å"ought† to help obscure individuals needing help in the event that we are skilled to and that it would be ethically inaccurate not to contribute. We should get into our old garments as opposed to buying new ones only for the basic truth that you need to be sharp looking. Obligation and noble cause change in this future world since in this time, numerous individuals won’t surrender certain extravagances in order to provide for others. A great many people are narrow minded and would like to enjoy the better issues in life instead of stress over contributing their well deserved bucks to others needing help. Separately, I support Singer’s point for some reasons. I do believe that we should help individuals in need when we can do so as long as it doesn't make us endure monetarily. I concur that a couple of extravagances must be disregarded in the event that it infers that an actual existence can be spared. On the off chance that we were enduring or in an indistinguishable condition, would we wish or anticipate help? I concur that it’s the right activity ethically. I don’t accept that we should oppress an enduring individual basically in light of the fact that that individual isn’t in our general public. The life of an individual is significant and must start things out of all. To finish up, Singer’s essential point is that it is our ethical commitment to help others in the midst of hardship with respect to clinical consideration, food, safe house or recreation. I concur that we should contribute our cash and time to help others on the off chance that it doesn’t make an awful effect on our own lives. In this period, loads of individuals are egotistical just as insatiable and don’t ordinarily stop to mull over others needing help. Individuals need to comprehend that there are loads of individuals around affliction and may eventually die on the off chance that they don’t get the help they need just as merit. I concur that it is our ethical obligation to help any individual in pressing need in any event, when it’s an individual a huge number of miles away.

Transformational Leadership for Intelligence -myassignmenthelp

Question: Examine about theTransformational Leadership for Intelligence and Charisma. Answer: Presentation Initiative can be characterized as the handy expertise that is available inside a person to lead just as guide the other colleagues in a particular venture. The individual, who satisfies the obligation of administration, is known as a pioneer (Van Wart, 2013). The investigation of initiative has a few significant speculations that exclusively include attributes, disposition, capacities, conduct, values, situational collaboration, vision, knowledge, charm and some more. These authority speculations help to think about the different sorts of administrations and how well a circumstance can be taken care of in an undertaking or any association. The most well known critical hypotheses incorporate Great Man Theory, Trait Theory, Behavioral Theories, Role Theory, Charismatic Theory, Transactional Theory, Transformational Theory and numerous others (Antonakis House, 2014). The accompanying report traces a short portrayal on the authority hypothesis of Transformational hypothesis and its angl es. In addition, individual encounters are likewise shared for this specific initiative hypothesis. Authority Theory Meaning of Transformational Leadership Transformational authority can be characterized as the particular initiative style, where any specialist works with his subordinates for the effective recognizable proof of required changes and therefore making a dream for the direction of that change (Avolio Yammarino, 2013). This in the long run assists with executing those progressions inside the task gathering or group. This transformational authority is answerable for serving to improve the general assurance, execution and inspiration of the venture individuals. Transformational administration even rouses the individuals in accomplishing the amazing or startling outcomes. This sort of initiative gives self-sufficiency to the individuals and in this way they can take choices once the preparation is finished. The other name of transformational authority hushes up administration (Price Weiss, 2013). Besides, this kind of administration in the long run prepares the individuals for completing the work consummately. It even aides in the compromise in any task group. Principle Aspects of Transformational Leadership Transformational administration contains a few noteworthy qualities or perspectives. These principle perspectives are given underneath: I) Self Management: This is the first and the premier part of transformational initiative. It serves to the task the board just as themselves (Kark Shamir, 2013). This specific viewpoint encourages in spurring to coordinate the association in right way. ii) Ability in Calculating Risks: The subsequent angle is the capacity in figuring the right dangers. These dangers are the most critical dangers of any venture and they help to comprehend the troublesome circumstances of that regular task. Taking Tough Decisions: This is the third significant part of the transformational administration (Effelsberg, Solga Gurt, 2014). Different intense and troublesome choices could be taken with the assistance of this administration. iv) Sharing Collective Organizational Consciousness: Transformational administration helps in sharing just as understanding the aggregate awareness of the task. it in the end assists with thinking about the points of view of the colleagues and therefore a reasonable thought is given about the activities that are to be taken for the advancement of the venture. v) Entertain New Ideas: Another significant part of the transformational initiative is that it assists with engaging new and creative thoughts (Odumeru Ogbonna, 2013). It helps in understanding reality that accomplishment of any undertaking is totally subject to the collaboration. vi) Provides Autonomy to the Members: The following significant and noteworthy part of the transformational initiative is that it is liable for giving self-governance to the individuals. Since, it gives self-rule to the undertaking individuals; it encourages the gathering individuals to take their own choices. Driving with Vision: Transformational authority helps in the setting of an attainable and sensible visionary for the undertaking (Braun et al., 2013). In this manner, correspondence with the vision is done successfully with the supporters. Flexibility: The following significant part of the transformational administration is the versatility. This kind of initiative assists with adjusting with the changing business sector continually for keeping in pushing ahead. Difficulties looked by Project Leaders There are a few difficulties that are looked by the undertaking chiefs while executing a specific task (Avolio Yammarino, 2013). The most critical difficulties looked by the venture administrators in a task are as per the following: I) Misalignment between Business Objectives: This is the most essential test that is looked by the undertaking administrators or task pioneers in a particular venture. When there are floats in the destinations of an undertaking, it is apparent that the task would confront noteworthy misfortunes as there would be absence of cooperation. ii) Project Delays: This is the following test in a particular task. Any kind of postponement in the undertaking would cause more costs and along these lines the venture would be in misfortunes. Clashes: This is again another significant test in any venture (Antonakis House, 2014). The contentions between the undertaking individuals frequently go out to unsafe for the venture individuals to execute their business activities. iv) Difficulty in Execution: The fourth significant and noteworthy test inside a venture is the trouble in executing that venture. The most hazardous circumstances are the wastage of assets, openings and time and in this way redirect the consideration of the administration for preventing the task conveyance. v) Redundant and Overlapping Projects: Due to the waste assets, the repetitive and the covering ventures happen (Price Weiss, 2013). These activities are incredibly unfruitful and they cause gigantic costs, subsequently, decreasing the potential advantages of the venture. vi) Unrealistic Business Values: The expectations of any task decide the business estimations of that venture. In the event that those expectations are late or doesn't show up on schedule, the business should lose the chances and along these lines this is a significant test for the venture supervisors. Alleviation of Challenges through Transformational Leadership The difficulties looked by the undertaking chiefs in a specific venture could be handily moderated by the assistance of transformational administration (Van Wart, 2013). The most fascinating alleviation methods of the transformational initiative are given beneath: I) Conflict Resolution: This is the first and the chief relief strategy of transformational administration. This specific administration assists with diminishing the contentions of the venture and in this way the activities doesn't cause a lot of misfortunes. ii) Encouraging New Ideology: This is the following strategy to moderate the difficulties of any undertaking (Braun et al., 2013). New thoughts and belief systems are constantly invited in the transformational initiative and subsequently this kind of administration is very mainstream in all activities. Remarkable People Skills: The third huge procedure for moderating the difficulties of any undertaking is the recognizable proof of the outstanding relationship building abilities or extraordinary aptitudes in the venture individuals. iv) Providing Mitigation in Redundant Projects: The following significant strategy that is available in the transformational administration is the moderation of excess and covered undertakings (Van Wart, 2013). All these relief procedures help in the moderation of the considerable number of difficulties looked in the venture by the undertaking supervisor. Individual Reflection Experience about Project Leadership Transformational initiative can be characterized as the administration hypothesis that assists with attempting to change the framework and along these lines amplifies the limit and ability of the group and furthermore illuminates the difficulties via looking for encounters, which are totally out of date for the task. The most famous instances of transformational pioneers basically incorporate William Edwards Deming, Peter Drucker, Ross Perot, John D. Rockeffer and some more. I have my own involvement in this well known initiative hypothesis. I finished and executed my first venture, when I was in school. We were a gathering of six and we needed to finish our science venture. Since, I would be wise to information with the subject, I was selected as the task head of that venture. My different cohorts didn't take this occurrence sportingly and they contradicted me in all my activities. I was amazingly reclaimed with the episode, anyway with my educators support, I proceeded with my obligations. I comprehended that since, I was their colleague; they were not prepared to acknowledge my choice or initiative. My closest companion was likewise in that venture group and he upheld me. Therefore, clashes were brought up in the group and our science venture was getting deferred. At last, I thought of the possibility of transformational initiative. I explored about this initiative hypothesis and was at last ready to find out about the viewpoints and attributes of this commonplace administration hypothesis. The most critical attribute of transformational authority is that the pioneer himself ventures out the task. He leads or rather controls the remainder of the colleagues and even supports the thoughts and activities of the colleagues. I did likewise. I assumed the primary liability of the task and gave my colleagues alternatives to pick their own obligations. They were consequently content with the choice and took their own choices. They were fruitful in finishing their undertaking obligations even before me and consequently our science venture was finished on schedule. The contentions were likewise illuminated with this transformational initiative as compromise is one of the significant quality of transformational authority. I was all around refreshing by my educator for my incredible administration abilities and information. Occurrence about the Situational Leadership Theory Aside from the transformational authority, I additionally have experienc

So, You Need to Write a Letter of Recommendation Heres How

So, You Need to Write a Letter of Recommendation Heres How A letter of recommendation is a common type of letter that is requested for a variety of reasons, including entrance to academic programs, applying for a new job, or receiving scholarships. Such letters help in the process of determining which candidates to choose out of a large pool of potential ones, and they should be requested only in cases where the letter writer (recommender) has personal experience interacting with, managing, or teaching the candidate (recommended).In this post, we will provide sample letters of recommendation based on these various purposes, as well as provide some general tips on how to write a letter of recommendation and what do avoid in doing so.Formatting and letterhead basicsBefore we go over the three parts of a great letter of recommendation and show you a few samples, lets discuss how the letter should be formatted. Below is an example of common and accepted formatting for writing a letter (including a letter of recommendation).Your NameStreet Addres sCity, ST ZIP CodeTelephoneE-mailDateRecipient NameTitleCompany NameStreet AddressCity, ST ZIP CodeDear Admissions Committee/Hiring Manager:[Body of letter in paragraph format]Sincerely,Your NameRegarding letterhead, it is preferable to print your letter of recommendation on letterhead, if it is available. If you are recommending a former or current student, you should print the letter of recommendation on the university (or department in the university) letterhead. For recommendations of a past or current employee, the companys letterhead should be easily available and used.Finally, you should always sign your name at the bottom instead of using a font. This allows the hiring committee or admissions committee to see that it was indeed you who wrote the letter, and adds legitimacy to the personal recommendation youve just provided.The three parts of a great letter of recommendationNow that you know how to format the letter and the best way to present your recommendation, lets look a t the three parts that make up an effective letter of recommendation. Well go into as much detail as possible here on each, but be sure to look through our provided samples to see how it looks within the letter.IntroductionThe introduction of your letter of recommendation should include the students or the employees name for whom you are writing the letter of recommendation, in addition to your name as the recommender. Within this introduction, it is important to list several qualities that come to mind when considering the recommended person, as well as (briefly) the nature of your interaction with the recommended person. It is also customary to mention in specific language that you do, in fact, recommend him or her for the program or job to which he or she is applying.Details relating to the performance of the recommended you observedThe best letters of recommendation are those that provide unique details about the quality of work the recommended person has demonstrated. This sect ion should contain several details relating to qualities youve observed in the person you are recommending. If this letter of recommendation is for a job and you have managed the person you are recommending, include specific instances where he or she has shown professional attributes. Some good attributes to focus on could be leadership, professionalism, communication skills, teamwork, and handling adverse situations well. These are qualities that are preferred in most fields and can serve as a general foundation for recommending a present or former employee. They are also important in academic circles, especially in graduate programs, where students will be expected to lead groups and (at times) facilitate class instruction.If you have seen this particular person go through difficult times academically, personally, or in his or her career, and have seen him or her overcome hardships on either one of these fronts, those observations speak well to the character of the person being re commended. In some cases, these types of observations make strong letters of recommendation because it shows the recommender to be closely involved with the person being recommended, which readers like to see when they read a letter of recommendation. Who is this person and what is he or she capable ofâ€"both personally and professionally…those are the questions recommendation letters answer best. However, before you go into details that might be personal to the person being recommended, ask him or her first if he or she minds your sharing your observations about him or her. This simple courtesy is important, especially if you are unsure whether the person being recommended wants his or her personal laundry aired (so to speak).While these performance-related details constitute the body of your letter of recommendation, its best to avoid writing too many paragraphs and extending it past one easily readable page. If you are recommending a person who has demonstrated many strong skil ls and positive qualities in multiple circumstances, try to pick the ones that best highlight his or her abilities and character.A conclusion stating that you are happy to provide more informationA conclusion should briefly restate your recommendation and reiterate how much you believe this person will add value to the program or company to which he or she is applying. Its important to close out your recommendation letter with the offer of more details if the hiring or admissions committee requests them, and a way they can reach you, either by phone or e-mail. Oftentimes, hiring or admissions committees want to know as many details about a person as possible, and they might have more questions related to that persons performance, goals, strengths, and weaknesses. This is especially true if the recommendation letters received dont offer a lot of detail concerning the persons abilities or personality.Sample lettersNow that weve covered in detail how to write a great letter of recommen dation, lets look at some sample letters to see how these tips look on paper. Keep in mind that these samples should be used only as general guidelines, and should be adapted based on your unique experience and knowledge of the person being recommended.Sample letter 1 â€" from teacher/professorIt is with great pleasure that I write this letter of recommendation for [insert name here]. As a highly intelligent and capable student, she has demonstrated the ability to conduct herself in a professional, courteous manner that I believe will be an asset to your graduate program.I have worked with [insert name here] in the capacity of both adviser and instructor, and, in both cases, have found her to be pleasant, conscientious, and motivated to excel. Whenever a question arose about her academic work or projects, she was quick to consult with me to determine the best course of action to tackle the issue. During these meetings, she was always considerate of my time and used our advising sess ions to ask important questions about both the program and the career path she has chosen to take.An incident that I feel summarizes her character best was when she was assigned a project as part of a group assignment, and was selected by the group to be their leader. As I watched her interactions with the rest of the group members while working on the assignment, I noticed that she demonstrated a natural ability to lead, and treated each member of the group with the utmost respect and kindness. Throughout the course of this month-long group project, it became obvious that her group members respected her highly and sought her advice when they were confused about an element of the project or final presentation.I believe that [insert name here] has great potential in her chosen field and I look forward to seeing what she will accomplish, both during and after graduate studies. If you have any questions or would like further information from me regarding my recommendation of [insert na me here], please feel free to contact me at [insert phone number or e-mail address].Sincerely,Your name hereSample letter 2 â€" from current or former managerIt is with pleasure that I write this letter of recommendation for [insert name here]. Throughout the time I have known him and worked with him, he has been an asset to our company and has shown great potential for success. Although we hate to lose him here at [insert name of company], I know that you will find him to be a professional, intelligent, and hardworking employee, and motivated towards success in all that he does.My professional interaction with him was as his manager while he worked as a customer service representative. In this role, I observed his communication with our clients via telephone, e-mail, and face-to-face meetings. Each time, he presented himself as warm, caring, and friendly, and never expressed anger or frustration at customers (although Im sure he often felt it, as we all do!). He resolved customer c omplaints quickly and effectively, and followed all procedures of escalating complaints when the need arose. Many times, his interactions were positively reviewed by our clients, and I heard from them more times than once to congratulate our department for hiring such a bright, courteous, and professional young man.He also expressed willingness to help out in other departments when assistance was needed. He quickly learned other functions and facets of our business by asking questions and offering to assist in any way he could, and through these interactions, earned the respect of all other team members in our company. When going through the stressful months surrounding the holiday shopping rush, he made sure that whenever he was not taking care of his own job duties, he was doing what he could to make sure that our day-to-day business ran as smoothly as possible. Whether it was telling a joke to lighten the mood or bringing homemade treats to share with all the team members during a particularly stressful week, he made work easier for all of us.I hate to lose him as an employee but am convinced that he will do great things in the field he has chosen to pursue. For this reason, I can offer my wholehearted recommendation without any reservations. If you have any further questions, please feel free to contact me at [insert phone number or e-mail address here].Sincerely,Your name hereFinal remarksFinally, as with any writing, be sure that the glowing recommendation youve provided in a recommendation letter isnt overshadowed by grammar, spelling, syntax, or punctuation errors. If you are unable to find another person to be a second set of eyes for you, hire a professional editor who can ensure that your recommendation letter is error-free and compelling in its presentation and message. If you want your positive recommendation to be well-received and assist the recommended in finding his or her perfect college program or job, presenting an error-free one is the way to do it.

Anne Boleyn Biography, Facts, and Background

Buddhism and the seven dimensions - 2538 Words

Since the beginning of time humans have endeavoured to explain the causes and reasons behind their existence. As a result of this thirst for knowledge many different beliefs and values have been formulated with the aim of explaining this age-old question. Most of these beliefs are prevalent today in the form of institutionalised religions. In order to gain an understanding of the word religion, we need to fully analyse and compare the components of religions in order to gain a more cultivated understanding of this enigmatic term. An extremely valuable way of classifying religion and its many aspects is through the Seven Dimensions, developed by Ninian Smart. (See Appendix 1) These dimensions explore the many aspects of religion in a†¦show more content†¦While this dimension is not as important as in some other faiths of a strongly sacramental kind, it is still highly regarded. This can be attributed to the fact that it is through certain rituals that the core experience of e nlightenment is obtained. (Hope, 1995) The ritual central to the Buddhist faith is the practice of meditation. The importance of meditation is paramount because it was through meditation that Buddha was able to gain enlightenment. Consequently, Buddhists attempt to emulate Buddha when meditating by endeavouring to cultivate wisdom and compassion, whilst also trying to gain control of the mind and expel suffering. (Mudge et al, 1993) If a Buddhist is successful in accomplishing this then they are said to have gained enlightenment. In terms of mass rituals, Buddhism maintains a plethora of ceremonies dealing with both the Sangha (Order of monks and nuns) and laity. The primary rituals concerning the Sangha includes; the initiation ritual in which the shaving of the head is a common practice and the annual Kathina Festival, in which the laity of the faith offers fabric to the monks for their new robes. For the laity, worship is more personal than congregation. A common practice is the taking of the three refuges (See appendix 3), in which adherents chant the same three sayings in repetition. This type of chanting, along with meditation, are common acts of devotion in Buddhism. RecentlyShow MoreRelatedThe Seven Dimensions Of Buddhism985 Words   |  4 Pagesthere is no true way to define a religion. Instead, one must apply the seven dimensions in order to fully understand it. The seven dimensions are ritual (practical), mythology, doctrinal, ethical, experiential, social, and material. Buddhism is a religion that was founded by an Indian prince named Siddhartha Gautama, who later became the Buddha. 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Meanwhile, confronting with the consecutive seven years slow down growth of GDP as well as increasing expand tensions by disparities spreading from cities and rural, and from coastal and inland, this is mainly caused by both global economic crises as well as Party-State’s imbalanced economic strategiesRead MoreBuddha Is The Ten Original Practices For Enlightened Living By Surya Das1841 Words   |  8 Pageswhat is learned in the religious beliefs of Buddhism, the way to enlightenment. The Buddha can be defined as the awakened one. Buddha teaches individuals to transform your life experiences, and become totally responsible for your lives. Buddhism is unique from other religions, in that it is non-theistic. The Buddha teaches that believing in God was not needed to seek enlightenment. The Buddha teaches many things, but the basic concepts in Buddhism are the Four Noble Truths and the Noble EightfoldRead MoreBudhism and The Seven Chakras Essay2151 Words   |  9 Pagestranscending the confines of the human psyche as it is in our physical bodies. This door to another dimension is a substance known by scientific communities as Dimethyltryptamine, or simply, DMT. I- What is DMT? A. Dimethyltryptamine (2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylethanamine) B. A Tryptamine molecule that has psychedelic properties. C. Exists in living beings as a communication device between the dimensions II-How is it used? A. Smoking, injecting, insufflating, and brewing into teas (ayahuasca)Read MoreBuddha And The Yin And Yang1976 Words   |  8 Pagespracticed many forms of extreme austerity or painful rituals, such as sleeping on brambles to mortify the desires of his body and denying his body of sitting by instead crouching on his heels to develop his concentration. 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Extrovert and Introvert Children Free Essays

Children learn how to express themselves by watching their parents or guardian. They learn how to love; stress, get angry, sadness, or discontent etc†¦Cultural backgrounds have a lot to do with how children show emotion. Is your child’s emotional behavior acceptable by society standards? Parents that are in touch with their feelings and/ or emotions and are able to express themselves without being destructive are more then likely going to raise their child to express the appropriate emotion giving the situation. We will write a custom essay sample on Extrovert and Introvert Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now Parents with repressed emotions will also teach their children how to hold back their emotions. A child maybe more of an introvert if they are not aloud to express themselves, as the child that is encouraged to express how they feel is more likely to be an extrovert. Society tolerates emotional expression as long as it is not destructive to themselves or others. Many people will march in protest for or against a cause, which is acceptable by society, but if that protest turns violent then the emotional behavior is now an unacceptable means of expression.As your child grows you should encourage them to have an opinion and to be respectable to others opinions. Teaching your child that it is ok for someone to disagree, and we are not all meant to believe, feel, live and look the same way. Some cultural types are very adamant about what kind, when to, and even who is aloud to express certain emotions. Cultural differences play a huge part on many racist people. You may not be a racist but maybe your parents taught you that it is socially unacceptable to date or marry out side your race. Some cultural differences teach boys that crying shows weakness. Some parents may yell or talk aggressively, while others are very quiet and don’t have a whole lot of communication with the child at all. We as parents are the biggest influences on our child’s emotional behavior. The way we communicate with our child helps them develop emotionally. The way we encourage communication will also determine if they are able to communicate their feelings, needs, likes, or dislikes in a way which is socially acceptable.Children should be taught that all forms of emotions are normal feelings, and that it is ok to be angry, mad, disappointed, scared, confused, or happy etc†¦it’s dealing with those emotions and how we communicate those feelings which count. I always told my daughter that it was ok to tell me how she feels (whether I agreed or not) as long as she does it respectfully. I want her to feel that her opinion matters. How to cite Extrovert and Introvert Children, Papers

The Reluctant Dragon Essays - Catalan Symbols, Dragons, Monsters

The Reluctant Dragon Keith Tobin English 428 Assign #1 The Reluctant Dragon By Kenneth Grahame GRADE LEVEL: This is a relatively short book and would be good for third or forth graders or for someone at an intermediate reading level. This packet will be designed for third graders. SYNOPSIS: The setting of this book takes place in medieval times in a small English village. It's about a boy, his mother and father, a dragon, a dragon slayer, and the people of the village. It all begins when the father of the boy discovers a dragon in a cave in the countryside. The father tells the boy and the boy proceeds to go and find the dragon. When the boy finds the dragon, he talks to it. The dragon is timid and doesn't want any trouble from the boy. The boy became good friends with the dragon and they share stories and poetry with each other. Word gets back to the village and they begin talking about the dragon. They spread rumors about the dragon and say that it is a menace and a scourge. The villagers want to see the dragon destroyed in a fight. They recruit a dragon slayer from far away named Saint George. Upon the arrival of the saint, the boy meets up with him and convinces him to visit the dragon. The boy and the saint meet the dragon and talk with him. The saint explains that he must defeat the dragon and the dragon asks the saint why he must be defeated. The saint explains that is what the villagers want to see to be appeased by the foe. He says that it is irregular for the dragon to win and it would not win over the public. Both the dragon and the saint finally reach an agreement. They decide there will be a staged fight so that the villagers will get to see what they want to see. They also agree that the dragon will not be harmed and the saint will win. The saint also agrees to change the ways of the dragon in the villager's eyes and make him into a good dragon. The next day they act out the fight with the entire village watching. Everything goes as planned. The saint wins victoriously and the dragon becomes socially acceptable. Everyone is happy and the boy and the saint walk the dragon home to his cave where he can now live in peace. TOPICS: Getting along with others, imagination, communication, sharing, history, animal rights, violence, poetry. THEME(S): There are many lessons in this book that would be beneficial to young readers. Some of the more important themes of the book are prejudice, problem solving, and getting along with others. These are good themes because they are ones faced by children everyday. Children can learn a lot from this book. The main theme of prejudice is displayed when the entire town assumes the dragon is evil. They stereotype the dragon. They show how they feel when they recruit the help of the saint. The saint didn't even know the dragon wasn't evil until he talked with the dragon. At the beginning of the book even the father of the boy prejudges the dragon. The reader can see the prejudgment of the dragon by the father because the father runs off frantically at first sight of the dragon. The boy is the only one who doesn't pass judgment on the dragon. He is more curious than anything and he wanted to see for himself if the dragon is good or evil. I thought this was a good scene for a young reader to relate to. It shows that adults aren't right to pass judgment on anyone before they get a chance to get to know them. To a child, the book also shows that they can make friends with anyone no matter their color, size, stereotypes, or race. Another great lesson for children is problem solving. There was a problem with the dragon and how the saint had to kill it. The saint and the dragon compromise so that both of their problems are solved. This is the part of the book when they decide to stage the battle between the two. The author was trying to teach problem solving

Comparison of How Shusaku Endo in Wonderful Fool and Albert Camus in the Outsider Have Used Moral Issues to Develop Their Works Essay Example

Comparison of How Shusaku Endo in Wonderful Fool and Albert Camus in the Outsider Have Used Moral Issues to Develop Their Works Essay Example Comparison of How Shusaku Endo in Wonderful Fool and Albert Camus in the Outsider Have Used Moral Issues to Develop Their Works Essay Comparison of How Shusaku Endo in Wonderful Fool and Albert Camus in the Outsider Have Used Moral Issues to Develop Their Works Essay Essay Topic: In Cold Blood Comparison of how Shusaku Endo in Wonderful Fool and Albert Camus in The Outsider have used moral issues to develop their works It is debatable whether morality is a code of conduct that is considered right by society or whether it is a code unilaterally decided upon by an individual. When we consider morality as a tool used by both Shusaku Endo in Wonderful Fool and Albert Camus in The Outsider, this debate holds immense relevance. Wonderful Fool, heavily influenced by Christian doctrine, addresses the degeneration of Japanese society and the way moral issues are presented in the novel reflects this. In Wonderful Fool Shusaku Endo looks upon morality as the value system defined by the Bible, where Jesus Christ is regarded as the epitome of true goodness. In his portrayal of the main character he draws upon examples from Christ’s life to recreate a character whose morality is nearly flawless. The Outsider as a philosophical social commentary uses moral issues to demonstrate the absurdity of existence. Camus chooses to present morality as the code of conduct that an individual chooses to uphold regardless of the views of society or religion. He creates a character that lives according to his own â€Å"morality†. Although supposed by most readers to be amoral, this character, Meursault appears to be true to his personal convictions of objectivism. Meursault’s commitment to objectivity makes him moral in my opinion. Coined post-Camus, moral objectivism in this context refers to objectivity being used to guide one’s actions as opposed to subjective emotions or traditions. Both writers utilize characterization to present moral issues concerning honesty, consistency and non-conformity in a manner that supports their respective viewpoints. In both texts characterization is frequently used as a vehicle through which morality is presented. In Shusaku Endo’s novel Gaston is presented as a clumsy ‘horse-like’ (Endo 43) Frenchman who is incongruous with the modern slick Japanese city of Tokyo. This ‘fool’ who descended from greatness (Napoleon) is very much like Jesus who is also an unwelcome descendant of a ruler (King David). Gaston, like Jesus, is not physically attractive . Both were rejected by people in society, especially the fashionable, rich or powerful. Jesus was rejected at Nazareth his hometown. People scoffed, â€Å"He’s just a carpenter, the son of Mary† (Mark 6:3), whilst Gaston is constantly referred to as the â€Å"foreigner,† never integrating into Tokyo. His rejection is best characterised by Tomoe. â€Å"’hope you are satisfied†¦bringing that fool into our home,’ she said with deep resentment† (Endo 51). She did not welcome his presence in her house. Gaston makes companions of the lowliest members of society: prostitutes, murderers, and stray dogs. In this way he resembles Christ who befriended the outcasts of his society, such as lepers and prostitutes. He demonstrates selflessness and patience as he attempts to befriend a thug that was beating him up. â€Å"No matter what trick†¦he was of such a temperament that he could not hate his persecutors† (Endo 83). This demonstrates a parallel with Christ who forgave those who taunted him on the cross. His self-sacrificing, unconditional ‘childlike faith’ (Psalm 116:6) in the goodness of people bears a strong resemblance to Jesus and this presents him to the reader as being morally good. Shusaku Endo uses Gaston’s character as a foil, against which he shows the individualistic nature of Japanese society. Endo conveys his disapproval of this societal trait by painting a positive picture of Gaston’s selflessness against the gloom of Japanese hedonism. Gaston is seen by the reader as being altruistic and therefore the reader is led to feel that Japan is self-seeking because of the harsh contrast between his magnanimity and the city’s self-absorbed nature. This contrast is created through other character’s response to Gaston as well as the scenes in which Gaston’s tale is told. The other characters in the novel respond to Gaston’s actions with disdain. For instance, when â€Å"Gaston took food from his own plate and threw it to the dog†¦Tomoe and Matchan looked away in disgust† (Endo 51). His simple act of kindness disgusted them. This contrast between the ideal (embodied by Gaston) and reality (of the character Japanese society) demonstrates Shusaku Endo’s disapproval of the judgemental society that Japan had become. Contrast is further evident in the following examples: the scene at â€Å"Hilltop Hotel† (a brothel), the incident at Sanya where â€Å"even the police†¦close their eyes to prostitution† and â€Å"extortion, theft and other such crimes flourish† (Endo 115). By playing out Gaston’s story in these places, which are hedonistic, dark and cruel, Gaston’s kindness and compassion is even more apparent as he unwittingly helps the prostitute in need. The writer places Gaston in the company of a murderer, Endo, â€Å"who was able to kill a man in cold blood† (Endo 118). Endo (the character) embodies the Japanese in a way that suggests they are self-serving as he acts without regard for Gaston trying to satisfy his own needs. Despite Endo’s aggression Gaston’s response to Endo is one of concern for him as opposed to worry for himself. This relationship further emphasises the idea of the Japanese being too egotistical by contrasting Endo’s selfishness with Gaston’s unselfishness. Albert Camus has a similar approach in his choice of characteristics for his principle character. Meursault, as the title implies, is an outsider and apathetically goes about life. Meursault appears not to concern himself with the conventions of his society. When his mother died Meursault’s response was one of indifference as he concerned himself more with the date and logistics than acknowledging the gravity of her death. â€Å"Mother died today. Or maybe yesterday†¦I’ll come back tomorrow† (Camus 9). However he is not completely indifferent; truth is of great importance to him. Like Gaston he never wavers from his belief system, upholding objectivity without compromise. He is honest and true as a result. By the end of the text when Meursault is offered an alternative to execution in exchange for his faith in God he refuses. †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦with God’s help he would do something for me† (Camus 67) †¦ [he asked] me if I believed in God. I said no† (Camus 68). He sees no need for a lawyer, â€Å"I could answer for myself† (Camus 66). His unwillingness to compromise or immersion in his ‘simple’ belief system turns Meursault almost into a martyr, dying for his belief. Meursault’s commitment to honesty to himself overrides the instinctive response of self-preservation. He is a non-conformist and does not understand society. This emphasizes how this judgmental society imposes its own belief system on individuals, requiring assimilation. Meursault, like Gaston, is consistent in his conduct, not lying once in the text, making him moral in his own mind. Similar to Shusaku Endo, Camus uses the contrast of the ideal characterised by Meursault to highlight a fault in the society he presents. Meursault’s objectivity demonstrates, through juxtaposition, the absurdity of our society. He comments on how murder is murder, thus it makes no difference if a man is shot once or four times, or if a man is killed by a stranger or his own son. During the trial his lawyer asks, â€Å"Is he being accused of burying his mother or of killing a man? † (Camus 93). This question showing how the court or society was judging him based on â€Å"exposing the dark workings of this criminal soul† (Camus 96), as opposed to the arbitrary shooting. The murder was not malicious. He only killed the man as a response to â€Å"a red hot blade gnawing at [his] eyelashes† (Camus 60). Although Meursault speaks the truth he is judged by a system which does not recognise his moral code. This system views murder as immoral regardless of the intention, whilst Meursault sees no shame in his action as it wasn’t borne from malice. In effect he is convicted for not conforming. In the Afterword Camus says â€Å"the hero of the book is condemned because he doesn’t play the game† (Camus 118). Meursault pulled the trigger out of tension from the heat and was not out of revenge or hatred towards the Arab. If morality is an individual’s set code of conduct, independent of society, a society’s morals could then be called ‘ethics’. Camus creates a character that is moral as he is true to his own beliefs, whilst at the same time the character is unethical. It was the skill involved in playing a character’s private beliefs against those of a society that made me enjoy these texts. In each text, a character’s personality conflicts with a society’s personality and to me this was a most effective way of exploring the society’s flaws. Both writers utilize characterization to present moral issues concerning honesty, consistency and non-conformity in a manner that supports their respective viewpoints. As these characters show the ideal, society is painted as being imperfect. Through characterisation both writers present the flawed world and a consistent character to the reader. The reader then chooses which is right and which is wrong based on the biased information given by the writer. This then means the reader identifies the society as flawed and the writer has fulfilled his purpose and conveyed his message. Word Count: 1,497 words Bibliography Camus, Albert. The Outsider. English Translation: Joseph Laredo. Penguin Books Ltd, London; 1983. Endo, Shusaku. Wonderful Fool. English Translation: Francis Mathy. Peter Owen Publishers, London; 2002.

Shrimp Treadmill - How Much it Cost Taxpayers

Shrimp Treadmill - How Much it Cost Taxpayers The famous shrimp treadmill study (video), conducted by researchers at Pacific University and College of Charleston, came under scrutiny during debates over the federal deficit and wasteful spending in 2011. Yes, the shrimp treadmill research cost taxpayers more than $3 million over the course of a decade. That includes a $559,681 grant for research into Impaired Metabolism and Performance in Crustaceans Exposed to Bacteria. But dont blame Congress, as the AARP did in a major television ad buy in 2011. The decision to fund the research actually came from the National Science Foundation. Shrimp Treadmill Grilled The AARP suggested the shrimp treadmill was but one of many examples of wasteful spending in a commercial it ran in the spring and summer of 2011, as Congress debated ways to trim the nations debt. The ad read: If Congress really wants to balance the budget, they could stop spending our money on things like a cotton institute in Brazil, poetry at zoos, treadmills for shrimp. But instead of cutting waste or closing tax loopholes, next month Congress could make a deal that cuts Medicare, even Social Security. I guess its easier to cut the benefits we earned than to cut pickle technology. AARP was not the first to cast the shrimp treadmill in a harsh light, though. About the Shrimp Treadmill Study The shrimp treadmill and National Science Foundation were initially targeted as an example of pork by U.S. Sen. Tom Coburn of Oklahoma in 2011, though the research had begun years earlier. As a practicing physician and a two-time cancer survivor, I have a very personal appreciation for the benefits of scientific research, Coburn wrote in a report titled The National Science Foundation: Under the Microscope. Investing in innovation and discovery can transform and improve our lives, advance our understanding of the world, and create meaningful new jobs. He added, though: The theory in Washington all too often tends to be if you throw enough money at a problem, you can solve all our nations problems. But when Congress commits the nation to significant increases in spending, Congress owes it to the U.S. taxpayers to pay careful attention to how those dollars are being spent. Researchers developed the shrimp treadmill to test whether sickness would impair the mobility of the crustaceans. It remained unclear, however, what the practical impact of such research would be. Sick shrimp have more limited mobility, which may mean they are less likely to avoid being eaten. A decrease in performance may mean the difference between life and death, Scholnick was quoted as saying. About the National Science Foundation The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency created by Congress in 1950 to promote the progress of science; to advance the national health, prosperity, and welfare; to secure the national defense†¦ Under its congressional mandate, the NSF funds fundamental research and education in all fields of science and engineering. With a budget of just over $7.5 billion in fiscal year 2017, the NSF funds about a fifth of all federally supported basic research conducted at U.S. colleges and universities. NSF funding for research is distributed through grants, and cooperative agreements to more than 2,000 colleges, universities, K-12 school systems, businesses, informal science organizations and other research organizations throughout the United States. Of the more than 48,000 competitive requests for funding it receives every year, the NSF awards about 12,000 new research grants. At the time, the NSF responded to Sen. Coburns criticism of the â€Å"Shrimp on a Treadmill† study by pointing out that the projects it funds have advanced the frontiers of science and engineering, improved Americans lives and provided the foundations for countless new industries and jobs. About the National Institutes of Health As another major source of congressionally authorized research funding, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), agency of the cabinet-level U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), bills itself as nation’s medical research agency. Currently, the NIH awards nearly $32.3billion in grants annually for medical research in support of its stated mission of seeking â€Å"fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living systems and the application of that knowledge to enhance health, lengthen life, and reduce illness and disability.† Almost 50,000 research studies funded by NIH grants are being conducted by over 300,000 researchers at more than 2,500 universities, medical schools, and other research institutions in every state and around the world.

Reg Vardy PLC financial analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Reg Vardy PLC financial analysis - Essay Example The company, which is named after founder Reg Vardy, is one of the leading motor retail groups in the United Kingdom. Reg Vardy was initially established as a haulage business at Houghton-le-Spring. Due to the success of the business, it diversified into the sale of vehicles (Yahoo! Finance 2005). Under the leadership of the founder's successor, Chief Executive Officer Sir Peter Vardy, the firm acquired franchises from a number of the finest motor and car manufacturers in the world. Through the course of the company history, Reg Vardy was appointed as the sole distributor of Aston Martin for the North of England. This was followed by the company's franchise of Ferrari and Rolls Royce. Reg Vardy was also awarded the main dealer franchise for other marques such as Jaguar/Daimler, Mercedes and BMW among others. (Company History 2005) In 1989, Reg Vardy became listed in the London Stock Exchange. The initial flotation has raised about 5 million and allowed for expansion outside North East Heathen. With this, the company expanded further as it acquired more dealerships from other volume marques. (Company History 2005) To finance its expansion binge, the company issued rights in 1998 and raised 26 million. The fund was used to acquire Trust Motor Group, the firm's largest acquisition to date. In the same period, the company also established Vardy Contract Motoring, which is focused on the contract hiring and leasing operations (Company History 2005). This year, Reg Vardy pushes through with its strategic acquisitions given the upcoming purchase of five dealerships from the Priory Motor Group. This highlights the company's strategy of acquiring performing and high quality business that accounts from payments of goodwill. (Reg Vardy PLC Annual Report 2005) So far, Reg Vardy sells about 200,000 vehicles annually and employs around 6,000 workers. It has also substantially increased its total franchises to 98 dealerships in 2005 from only 63 dealerships in 1998 (Reg Vardy PLC Annual Report 2005). The company continues to distribute new and used cars for Aston Martin, Renault, Alfa Romeo, Audi, BMW, Citroen, Fiat, Mercedes and Jaguar. Its major shareholders include the Vardy family (28%), Deutche Bank (20.6%) and Aegon (3.59%). (Yahoo! Finance 2005) Financial Highlights Table 1 - Balance Sheet Balance Sheet (in millions) 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 Assets Current Assets Cash and Equivalents 39.2 24.3 45.5 39.7 12.0 Receivables 73.6 66.6 61.9 52.6 64.0 Inventories 243.2 247.5 174.8 123.1 128.2 Other Current Assets 14.5 12.0 15.0 6.5 8.5 Total Current Assets 370.5 350.4 297.2 221.9 212.7 Property Plant and Equipment-Net 180.9 181.7 154.8 162.0 165.6 Intangible Other Assets 3.5 3.2 1.3 1.3 1.8 Other Assets 3.5 3.2 1.3 1.3 1.9 Total Assets 555.0 535.3 453.3 385.2 380.3 Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity Current Liabilities Accounts Payable 186.2 184.3 146.9 96.5 78.8 Short-Term Debt 34.1 38.7 70.1 42.3 35.7 Other Current Liabilities 44.4 37.0 28.8 25.6 47.3 Total Current Liabilities 277.2 271.3 256.8 174.5 169.3 Long-Term Debt 47.9 49.7 12.7 53.0 57.1 Provision for Risks/Charges 5.4 1.2 1.4 2.8 4.0 Deferred Taxes 6.4 5.9 5.1 4.1 4.8 Other Liabilities 12.6 10.8 6.3 1.7 12.4 Total

Sustainability at ASDA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Sustainability at ASDA - Essay Example Supermarkets in Europe are investing time and effort into the accomplishment of sustainability in their operations since this is the new competitive advantage they ought to possess. The paper discusses the drivers as well as the sustainability initiatives to be undertaken by ASDA in its shopping centre at Wolverhampton, keeping in view dynamics of the industry as well as social, political, legal, economic and other factors. Before delving into the concept of sustainability, it is useful to understand the nature of the grocery industry in the U.K. The U.K supermarkets industry was worth more than ? 150.8 bn in 2010 which showed considerable increase of 3.1% compared to the last year (Schnedlitz et al., 2010). Food and grocery expenditure accounted for 0.52% of retail expenditure (Schnedlitz et al., 2010). Of this 0.53%, 21% is roughly spent shopping for the same in convenience stores (Schnedlitz et al., 2010). The private label brands, including Tesco, Asda, Morrison’s and Sain sbury’s have their unique brand identity and are not me-too or imitations of their branded competitors (Schnedlitz et al., 2010). The U.K retail market seems to be on the maturity stage of its lifecycle, however, growth is still quite prominent. The market is on its verge to a 15% growth in the next 5 years (IGD, 2010). Economic dynamics such as rising interest rates and consumer prices, house prices as well job insecurity are only few of a plethora of factors affecting firms in this sector (IGD, 2010).The new government following the election in May, 2010 also seems to bear impact by way of its proposed contractionary fiscal and monetary policy which could mean tough times for the high end markets. The history of ASDA can be traced back to the 1920’s when farmers in Yorkshire created the Hindell’s dairies in 1920 (ASDA, 2011). The company was an instant hit and diversified and expanded to become the Associated Dairies and Farm Stores Ltd in 1949, hence the name ASDA (ASDA, 2011). At the same time, in 1958, two brothers came up with The Asquiths store which offered, to some extent, convenience shopping to customers at a single place (ASDA, 2011). In 1965, the Asquiths merged with Associated Dairies and Farm Stores Ltd. to create ASDA (ASDA, 2011). Thereon, the company was named as ASDA in 1970 when The Asquiths was acquired by Associated Dairies and Farm Stores Ltd (ASDA, 2011). Today, ASDA is known as a subsidiary of Wal-Mart, and is a merchandising and grocery retailing giant in the U.K. The company owns about 583 stores that stock various items ranging from grocery to apparel (ASDA, 2011). ASDA has its headquarters in Leeds, U.K and is home to approximately 178,000 workers (ASDA, 2011). The company is widely known for its staunch sustainability initiatives and has undertaken massive reforms in the same area in order to maintain its competitive edge over competitors such as Morrisons, Sainsbury’s Tesco and Waitrose. Sustainability is defined as the ability to survive or sustain. Popularly, the term environmental sustainability is being used to represent efforts to sustain and prolong the survival of all species and the ecosystem in the environment. A more comprehensive definition of sustainability encompasses all three foundations of sustainability, including the people, economy and the environment (Dunphy, 2000). The relation between these three foundations suggests that there exist limitations on the

Bartleby the Scrivener by Herman Melville: An Analysis

Bartleby the Scrivener by Herman Melville: An Analysis Bartleby the Scrivener was written by Herman Melville in 1853. The book is about a scrivener named Bartleby, and he continuously answers peoples questions with I would prefer not to (Melville 9). In this short story, Melville is asking his readers what makes people stand out from the crowd, and what makes us individual, independent, and unique? Independence and individuality definitely both have a big role in this story. While being independent and unique are two great things to be, there is a point when you can take it too far, to the point where it starts to affect your life. Conflict often produces character and at times will reveal it. Bartleby is an efficient copyist for a successful lawyer at an office building, but he is a quiet and anti-social man. Though he continues to work well as a copyist, he refuses to help or do any other tasks for the office people, and/or repeatedly says I would prefer not to (10). Bartleby is always in the office either working or looking out of dim window (19) in the sad, and dark world he lives in. The workers then find out that he lives at the office, and his refusal to do nothing but work grows at a much larger scale. As this problem grows, Bartleby announces that he will no longer work as a copyist, and then prefers to stay and live in the office building and do no work. Finally, he is strictly and firmly asked to leave by the lawyer and his workers, but, he still does not leave. Rather than taking more severe measures to get Bartleby out of the office, the lawyer moves his operation to a different office. After that, another practice moves into the building and they find out tha t Bartleby, the copyist from the previous practice is still living there. The new people complain, but the new people are told that Bartleby does not seem to be able to leave. After trying to deal with Bartleby staying there, they call the police to arrest him and bring him to prison. The story concludes with Bartleby refusing to do anything and not eat in prison, and Bartleby dies from starvation. To conclude things, the narrator/lawyer informs his readers/workers that Bartleby was previously a clerk in a dead letter office who sorted through the mail, leaving readers wondering if these dead letters somehow influenced Bartleby. In the short story, the characters attitudes towards Bartleby changes as Bartleby changes. In the beginning, the lawyer, Turkey, Nippers, and Ginger Nut do not really pay attention to him, but since he refuses to do other work for the office, they start to get mad. Except Turkey seems to have the same attitude towards Bartleby throughout the story, he is a drunk copyist who has an uncontrollable temper, and through the story, he continues to hate Bartleby and wants to get violent. Also, Nippers, like his coworker Turkey, is just an ambitious, discontent, irritated, non-morning person and exactly like Turkey, he stays this way through the entire short story. The lawyer says, Nippers, the second on my list, was a whiskered, sallow, and, upon the whole, rather piratical-looking young man of about five and twenty. I always deemed him the victim of two evil powers-ambition and indigestion (7). Ginger Nut, does not have a pretty big role in the story, he is just a 12-year-old, the youngest worker, his biggest job/role is to get snacks and food for all the copyists. But there is the lawyer, and his attitude towards Bartleby is described in the next paragraph. The lawyers attitude towards Bartleby changes throughout the book from kind, to angry, to firm, to caring. The lawyer at first is kind like a gentleman would be when he first meets and hires Bartleby. He pays more attention to his work in the beginning and knows he is doing good at his job, but then he notices Bartleby and gets concerned when he will not do any other office tasks, then he gets quite angry when he finds out that Bartleby is living there. After that, Bartleby says he will not work as a copyist anymore, but he stays and lives in the office anyway, and now the lawyer must make a decision whether to kick him out, or to be nice and think of something else. The lawyer decides to be nice and offer Bartleby a place in his home, but Bartleby does not take his offer. Then, the lawyer gets strict and firmly asks him to leave the office, but he says no, so the lawyer moves the whole operation to a different office. The lawyer and the workers move to a new office, but Bartleby sta ys there. Afterward, the new people at the building call the police on Bartleby and take him to prison where he does not want to do anything, eat, or talk to anyone. Lastly, the lawyer goes to visit him and try to talk to him but Bartleby does not want to talk to him, the lawyer tries to talk some sense into him but it does not work, Bartleby continues to not eat and he starves himself to death. The lawyer becomes very curious how this all started and he finds out what may have started all of this weird behavior from Bartleby. The behavior of Bartleby is a mystery and it is kind of funny but in a weird way, but besides his seriousness and the level of his refusal, he does not change at all throughout the whole story. He starts off like a pretty normal guy, he does his work right, but then he refuses to do anything, eat, or leave the office. He dies and not much happens after that, the lawyer finds out that his previous job was working as clerk in a dead letter office sorting the letters for years. Possibly the dead letters influenced and changed his definition of life. Bartleby symbolizes a dead letter because the Lawyer thinks that after reading all those letters that were supposed to go to someone who is now dead or gone must have influenced Bartlebys perspective on life. Because Bartleby worked at a dead letter office for years, reading and sorting all of them, he is in the state of a dead man, like a dead letter that has never been opened. Bartleby also represents a dead letter because the narrator/lawyer is the sender of the letter, and he wishes to communicate with Bartleby but he can never get through him. This is one of the stronger explanations that explains Bartleby as a dead letter. The idea of undeliverable letters that speed to death, even when they go on errands of life (29). Finally, think about how conflict produces character and sometimes reveals it. There was some conflict between the lawyer and Bartleby, or between life and Bartleby. Because he feels like the lawyer possibly just added more stress in Bartlebys position, making him feel dead, this was kind of an example of failure to communicate. Nearly everything that happened leading up to Bartlebys death goes back to failure of communication or just more stress in the situation. This all revealed the character of Bartleby to the narrator since he found out that he worked in a dead letter office for years, reading and sorting letters, hundreds of failures to communicate entirely changed Bartlebys perspective on life and the meaning of working hard. Word Count: 1266

Learning and Development

Introduction With globalization and modernization, education has become a universal right for all, atleast, at the basic level.   This has seen many students traversing from country to country in pursuit of education.   The introduction of distance learning, technologically mediated learning as well as online courses have made it possible for students from different parts of the world to share classroom. The fact that the teachers largely remain stationed in same countries and are rarely involved in the exchange programs means that teachers are continually under the pressure to instruct students from diverse cultures all with varied English proficiency.   Of significance to the teachers is the fact that despite the different proficiency levels of the students in a single classroom, the teachers are expected to effectively teach the students.   This has seen the rise of integrated classes whereby learners whose English is not their first language are integrated in the same classrooms as their native English speaking students. Teachers are faced with stumbling blocks and numerous challenges in teaching integrated students.   Of all challenges for teachers is the need to provide a free learning environment in which the students can learn without the fear of being incompetent in the English language.   The presence of fear in the students who are not proficient in the English language can reduce the ability of the learners something which can make otherwise intelligent students to perform dismally academically.   To overcome such barriers, teachers can use the following strategies.   According to (Johnson, Johnson, & Holubec, 1994) there are several research-based strategies to overcome learning barriers for emergent language learners as well as limited English proficient learners. Therefore for optimal learning to take place the following research based strategies are important for English language learning.   Use of music and jazz chant activities, use of repeat and rephrase approach, use of cooperative groups and peer coaching, use of visual learning aids such as realia, maps, pictures and the multimedia.   Finally pre-instruction activities such as semantic webbing, graphic organizers and KWL charts are all equally important for teachers who are keen on ensuring that English learning benefits all learners inspite of their English proficiency levels. According to (Johnson, Johnson, & Holubec, 1994) pre-instruction activities are important to English language learning in that they level the playing ground for students who have different English proficiency levels.   In a research carried out by (Johnson, Johnson, & Holubec, 1994) on 15 students with varied English proficiency 80% of the emergent language learners observed that they had significantly benefited from the use of pre-instruction activities such as semantic webbing, graphic organizers and KWL charts.   75% of the students with limited English proficiency recorded satisfaction from the use of pre-instruction activities while 40% of native English speaking students noted that pre-instruction activities played an important role in learning.   The study overwhelming supports the use of the pre-instruction activities as a research based English language learning strategy for integrated classes. Teaching Math can be challenging even in class whereby all students are native English speakers.   It even becomes hard to teach Math in an integrated class in which English presents a communication barrier.   In a class of 30 students whereby only half of students are English speakers with a quarter of the learners being emergent and a further quarter of the class having English proficiency of between Basic Interpersonal Communication (BIC) and Cognitive Academic Language (CALP) presents numerous challenges.   The solution to the above is the application of the research-based strategies such as pre-instruction activities.   This calls for the teacher to prepare in advance semantic webbing with Math concept for students to learn regardless of their English speaking abilities. According to (Johnson, Johnson, & Holubec, 1994) the use of semantic webbing greatly increases the ability of the students to grasp Math concepts and formulae.   Graphic organizers are also very effective in teaching some Math concepts especially on geometry and algebra topics.   Visual aids such as realia, maps, pictures and multimedia are important in teaching integrated classes.   As (Johnson, Johnson, & Holubec, 1994) notes, visual aids are important in that they increase the attention span of learners, they simplify complex and abstract concepts as well as the fact that visual aids lead to efficiency in the synthesis of complex concepts especially in Math class.   Visual aids have been particularly important and effective for introduction of new topics in integrated classes whereby students face challenges due to increased anxiety, fear and tension (Bowman, & McCormick, 2000). Use of visual aids calls for carefulness so that the visual aids are not as ambiguous and therefore become a source of obstruction.   Visual aids also are advantageous in that they can depict a lot of information at once, which is not possible while using the traditional lecture methods, and are not expensive and are easy to use (Johnson, Johnson, & Holubec, 1994). Cooperative groups as well as peer coaching are research-based strategies which involve students forming discussion groups in which they discuss hard topics and concepts during their free time or in the class with the supervision of teachers.   Cooperative groups have been found to be very effective in overcoming fear amongst learners and therefore aiding learning (Bowman & McCormick, 2000).   Cooperative groups are important when there is a shortage of staff in that teachers can oversee the learning over a big group of students. Usually students are able to understand their peers with learning difficulties than teachers and therefore they are able to assist them and overcome the learning difficulties.   According to (Bowman, & McCormick, 2000) cooperative groups presents the teachers with an opportunity to easily assess several outcomes in students such as critical thinking, level as well as communication skills and commitment to learning (Bowman, & McCormick, 2000). Cooperative groups are particularly useful in teaching Math which many students have problems because peer assessment is more welcome by students than teacher assessment and is easily acceptable since it reduces chances of teacher bias (Bowman, & McCormick, 2000).  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to (Bowman, & McCormick, 2000) peer coaching as a research based teaching strategy is effective because it allows for a degree of confidentiality whereby students are not afraid to make mistakes.   The expected learning outcome of using cooperative strategy in the classroom is that, learners increase in their capability to grasp hard concepts (Bowman, & McCormick, 2000). In addition, the approach is non-evaluative which is important to students given the fact that students fear evaluations and assessments.   Repeat and rephrase has been found to highly increase the retention ability of students (McHugh, Catherine & Kevin, 1997).   This is very important for students who are supposed to retain introductory concepts as these develop as the students’ progress to next levels. Therefore, repeat and rephrase are important to an integrated class whereby students whose English proficiency prevents them from progressing at the same level with native English speakers. Music and Jazz chant activities have found to reduce stress levels in learners as well as creating a soothing effect (McHugh, Catherine & Kevin, 1997).   Therefore, incorporating music and Jazz chants in a class especially in a Math class can improve learning in that it creates a good environment for learning. The expected learning outcome of using cooperative strategy in the classroom is that, learners increase in their attention span (McHugh, Catherine & Kevin, 1997). Conclusion Research based strategies are a must use for teachers of integrated classes. In order to ensure that, the environment for all students is ideal in spite of their English proficiency levels, teachers must constantly identify challenges and obstacles to learning so as to overcome all the challenges associated with English language learning environment. It is also important that, teachers choose wisely the suitable strategies to teaching integrated learners as not all approaches are suitable for every subject. Reference Bowman, C., and McCormick, S. (2000).   Comparison of Peer Coaching versus Traditional Supervision effects.   The Journal of educational Research 93 (4). Johnson, D., Johnson, R. and Holubec, E., (1994).   The nuts and bolts of corporative learning. Edina MN: Interaction Book Company. McHugh, Catherine, E., & Kevin, W. 1997.   Using technology to promote student learning:   Opportunities for Today and Tomorrow. Jossey- Publishers.

Frederick Douglass Process Essay - 1012 Words

Douglass Process Essay Slavery has always been one of the most, if not the most, shocking phenomenons of our world. Slavery, by itself seems very unnatural and entices mixed feelings various different people especially in our country during the 1800s which had been divided into the north and south due to this controversial issue. In the north, for the most part, people had believed that slaves had the right to be free and slavery was unjust which is why it was abolished in 1804. This differed from the south in that generally, it was believed that the slaves were incapable of doing anything other than slavery and thus should be kept as they are that is until 1865 when the 13th amendment ended slavery in the south. Some people, however, are descendants of those who used to be slaves years ago. Some faced â€Å"slavery†, or forced labor that would classify as the equivalent of slavery, even in the contemporary times. 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The Maya What Was Their Greatest Achievement - 587 Words

Throughout time, there are many instances of early civilizations accomplishing breathtaking feats that we find awe worthy even today. These cultures helped shape humanity as a whole, and paved the way for people everywhere. Of these early cultures, one of the most remarkable was undoubtedly the Mayans. The Mayans lived in Mesoamerica, around Southern Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and Belize. They were an isolated group of people that thrived on farming and raised crops such as Maize, Beans, and Chili Peppers. They also Fished often and hunted Deer and other woodland creatures. The culture of the Mayans gradually uplifted, and the peak of their civilization appeared during the Classic Age of 250 to 900 CE. During this time, The Mayans created an abundance of art and amazing architecture that still inspire the architects of today. This civilization was on the road to greatness, but this greatness came to an end quickly. 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